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中国科研团队首次证实:异体牙髓干细胞注射可实现牙周炎微创再生治疗

 
Issuing time:2025-07-31 17:17Author:编辑部
*图源:Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy官网
*图源:Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy官网

好的牙·讯|7月31日,国际期刊《信号转导与靶向治疗》(Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy)发表了一项由首都医科大学附属北京口腔医院、北京大学第三医院等机构联合完成的多中心随机对照临床试验。该研究首次证实,异体人牙髓干细胞(DPSC)注射疗法可通过非手术方式促进牙周炎患者的组织再生,为牙周炎患者提供微创治疗新选择。

该研究共纳入132名慢性牙周炎患者(涉及158颗患牙),通过随机分组对比不同剂量DPSC注射(单次1×10⁶至1×10⁷细胞/牙)与生理盐水对照组的疗效。

*图源:Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy官网
*图源:Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy官网

6个月随访数据显示,对于III期牙周炎患者(附着丧失≥5毫米),接受1×10⁷ DPSCs注射的患者组表现出显著临床改善:附着丧失改善1.67±1.508毫米(改善率26.81%),优于对照组的1.03±1.310毫米(改善率17.43%)。

同时,实验组在骨缺损深度改善(0.30±0.484毫米)和探诊深度减少(1.81±1.490毫米)等关键指标上均显著优于对照组。

安全性评估显示,132名受试者中仅3例出现轻度不良反应(牙龈肿胀、牙痛),均未干预自愈。

*图源:Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy官网
*图源:Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy官网

研究特别指出,DPSC注射对单根牙及无根分叉病变的多根牙效果更显著,其作用机制可能与该疗法能同时改善软硬组织再生有关。通过CBCT三维成像证实,DPSC注射能有效促进窄角型骨缺损(<25°)的再生修复。

研究人员指出,传统的牙周组织再生治疗通常采用手术方式,如引导组织再生术,这种方法常结合骨移植手术和生物活性因子使用,但手术过程往往会给患者带来明显的不适和疼痛。而DPSC注射疗法为牙周炎患者提供了一种微创治疗选择,尤其对于原本需要进行牙周手术的III期牙周炎患者,这代表了牙周炎临床治疗技术的重要进步。

据了解,这项研究是首次将异体人牙髓干细胞注射用于牙周炎治疗。研究团队前期已获得中国首个用于人类牙周炎临床治疗的牙源性干细胞药物批准(在中国获批为治疗牙周炎的研究性新药,批准号CXSL1700137),并对自体和异体干细胞的免疫原性、安全性和有效性进行了详细比较。

研究团队表示,尽管取得了积极成果,但该研究仍存在一些局限性,如需要更长的观察期和更大的样本量来探索DPSC注射的最佳剂量,以及需要进一步研究确定轻度至中度牙周炎患者是否适合低剂量DPSC注射治疗。目前研究成果已在美国临床试验数据库注册(NCT05924373),为后续转化应用奠定基础。


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