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美国牙科急诊九年趋势:就诊量下降三成,阿片类药物使用锐减

 
Issuing time:2025-06-16 13:06Author:编辑部

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好的牙·讯|美国国家卫生统计中心(NCHS)近日发布的数据简报显示,2020-2022年间,美国年均牙科相关急诊就诊量为194.4万次,较2014-2016年的279.4万次下降30.4%。每万人就诊率从88.4次降至59.4次,呈现统计学显著递减趋势(p < 0.05),延续了2017-2019年(69.8次/万人)的下降态势。

简报指出,约20%的20-64岁美国成年人存在未治疗龋齿。每年因紧急牙科问题导致中小学生损失约3400万课堂学时,相当于3.8万名学生全年停课。而未治疗的牙科疾病更造成逾450亿美元(约合人民币3233亿元)生产力损失,超过全美牙科保健年度总支出的两倍。

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2020-2022年间,25-34岁成年人是牙科急诊的主要群体,占比达29.2%,显著高于其他年龄组。18-24岁群体占比13.3%,低于35-44岁(20.2%)和45-64岁(18.5%)人群,65岁以上老年患者比例最低(6.9%)。性别分布均衡,男性占51.2%,女性占48.8%。

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在医疗支付方式方面,2020-2022年间,医疗补助计划(Medicaid)成为主要支付来源,覆盖55.4%的牙科急诊,显著高于商业保险(19.3%)、无保险者(12.2%)和联邦医疗保险(Medicare,10.4%)。另有2.6%属于工伤赔偿等其他支付类别。

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简报还重点关注了镇痛药物使用趋势的显著变化,与2014-2016年相比,2020-2022年期间单独使用阿片类镇痛药的比例从38.1%下降至16.5%,阿片类与非阿片类联合用药比例也从18.6%降至12.3%,而单独使用非阿片类镇痛药的比例则从20.0%上升至38.4%。这种用药模式转型与全美阿片类药物管控政策及牙科疼痛管理指南更新相吻合。

该简报数据来源于美国国家医院门诊调查(NHAMCS)。这项调查采用多阶段概率抽样设计,对美国非联邦综合医院和短期住院医院进行调查,样本包括地理主要抽样单位、医院和急诊患者就诊记录。

(本内容图源:美国国家卫生统计中心官网)

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