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多国科学家开发新材料促进牙齿再生技术发展

 
Issuing time:2025-04-15 18:27Author:编辑部
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图源:King’s College London

近日,伦敦国王学院发布新闻稿,宣布其与帝国理工学院的研究团队开发出一种可动态调控细胞信号的特殊材料,成功模拟牙齿自然发育的微环境,为实验室培育牙齿类器官提供了新方法。相关研究发表于《ACS Macro Letters》。

研究指出,当前全球数以亿计人群受牙齿缺失困扰,现有修复手段如填充物易引发继发龋齿,种植牙则需复杂外科手术且无法实现生物性整合。伦敦国王学院牙科学院研究员Xuechen Zhang表示:“人工修复体本质上是‘静态’替代方案,无法像天然牙齿一样自适应。我们致力于通过再生医学,培育出真正具有生物活性的牙齿。”

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图源:ACS Macro Letters

研究团队采用生物正交交联技术,开发出可精确调控的明胶基水凝胶。这种三维支架材料通过调整四嗪(Tz)与降冰片烯(Nb)的交联比例(1:1或0.5:1)及浓度(8%-12%),实现弹性模量2-7 kPa的梯度控制。

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图源:ACS Macro Letters

实验显示,在较柔软的水凝胶中,小鼠牙源性细胞成功自组织形成类牙胚结构,其上皮层与间质分层特征与天然牙齿发育早期阶段相似。

Xuechen Zhang解释:“传统方法一次性传递所有信号,导致发育紊乱。我们的水凝胶能动态模拟体内环境,逐步引导细胞启动牙齿形成程序。”研究还验证了该材料在体外培养两周内的稳定性,细胞存活率超过70%,为其安全性提供了依据。

关于未来应用,Xuechen Zhang提出两种潜在路径:“一是将早期牙细胞移植至患者口腔,促使其原位发育;二是在实验室培育完整牙齿后植入。”论文通讯作者、伦敦国王学院的Ana Angelova Volponi 博士补充道:“这项研究为牙齿再生提供了可控的体外模型,也为理解发育生物学机制开辟了新途径。”

该研究隶属于英国皇家学会“未来领袖奖学金”项目。尽管仍需攻克血管化、神经支配等难题,但研究团队认为,此项技术为开发生物工程牙齿奠定了关键基础。


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